Ground-Source Heat Pumps - Design of Geothermal Systems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings

!: Brand new Ground-Source Heat Pumps - Design of Geothermal Systems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings order

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Post Date : Dec 18, 2011 02:35:02
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ASHRAE, founded in 1894, is an international organization of some 50,000 persons. ASHRAE fulfills its mission of advancing heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration to serve humanity and promote a sustainable world through research, standards writing, publishing, and continuing education.

The ASHRAE Handbooks are the design standard for control of built environments with volumes on Systems and Equipment, HVAC Applications, Refrigeration and Fundamentals. Each is updated every four years. In addition to publishing design guidance for engineers, architects, and facility managers, we also publish a series of texts for classroom use.

Some of the areas we publish in include:
-Energy Modeling and Auditing
-High Performance Building Design
-Psychrometrics
-Indoor Air Quality and Environmental Quality
-Data Center Energy Efficiency
-Noise & Vibration Control
-Humidity Control
-HVAC for Healthcare Facilities

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GeoExchange Systems

!: GeoExchange Systems

Geothermal heating and cooling systems are considered to be the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space conditioning systems available today. These systems are so good that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has said that they are. Geothermal technology uses the earth's renewable energy below the surface, to heat or cool your home or any other building. This system is sometimes referred to as a geothermal heat pump, a ground source heat pump, or green heat. GeoExchange systems are the best choice you can make for your pocketbook and your planet.

In the winter, a water solution circulating through pipes buried in the ground absorbs heat from the earth and carries it into your home. The GeoExchange system inside the home uses a heat pump to concentrate the earth's thermal energy and then to transfer it to air circulated through standard ductwork to fill the interior space with warmth. In the summer , the process is reversed and heat is extracted from the air in the house and transferred through the heat pump to the loop piping. The water solution in the ground loop then carries the excess heat back to the earth. The only external energy needed for geoexchange is the small amount of electricity needed to operate the ground loop pump and fan.

The benefits to using a GeoExchange system is lower utility bills (25% to 70% lower than with conventional systems), lower maintenance, and higher levels of comfort year-round. You will also have the peace of mind of knowing you are being environmentally responsible. Since a Geoexchange system burns no fossil fuel to produce heat, it generates far fewer greenhouse gas emissions than a conventional furnace, and completely eliminates a potential source of poisonous carbon monoxide within the home or building.

The EPA found that, even on a source fuel basis, accounting for all losses in the fuel cycle including electricity generation at power plants, GeoExchange systems are much more efficient than competing fuel technologies. They are an average of 48% more efficient than the best gas furnaces on a source fuel basis, and over 75% more efficient that oil furnaces. In fact today's best GeoExchange systems outperform the best gas technology, gas heat pumps, by an average of 36% in heating mode and 43% in cooling mode.

Homeowners using a GeoExchange system can see a savings of 30% to 70% in the heating mode, and 20% to 50% in the cooling mode compared to conventional systems. A well designed residential system can exhibit positive cash flows from the first month that it is in use.

Today there are more than one million installations in the Unites States. Although this is a very small percentage of the total HVAC market, the number of people who are choosing to install geoexchange systems is growing rapidly (about 20% every year) as more learn about the technology. There are also a large number of commercial enterprises, including factories, retail stores, office building and schools using the GeoExchange systems to save energy and protect the environment. Should all of the nation's schools convert to geoexchange, the EPA has estimated that we could reduce oil imports by 61 million barrels annually.

The prices have a wide range based on a number of variables, such as your home or building's size and design, the brand and model you choose, your location, and other factors, so it is impossible to provide a number, but you may be surprised how affordable it is. To find out how much it would cost to install a GeoExchange system into your home or business, you will need to contact a contractor in your area for an estimate. There are Federal & State incentives offered to install GeoExchange systems in many areas so check to see if you qualify for any rebates.

GeoExchange Systems

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Green Construction and Heating Systems

!: Green Construction and Heating Systems

Two of the bigger energy uses are cooling and heating. Green heating systems are designed to minimize such energy use during cooler periods.

There are several heating systems used in green homes. One type uses geothermal energy for heat. Geothermal refers to using the natural heat of the earth. Most systems work by running water from under the earth through a series of pipes called a loop. The loop takes the water to a heat exchanger where the heat is removed from the water and used for heating purposes. The most simple is the open loop. Since ground water generally maintains a constant temperature, water is pumped from one well through a heat exchange device, and deposited into a second well, usually at a distance from the first.

A closed loop geothermal system circulates the water through a series of pipes. The pipes are buried in the ground and the water picks up heat and the heat exchanger removes it. There are several arrangements of piping, but the general idea is the same. Although geothermal heat is very inexpensive, a system has to be fairly extensive to provide all of a homes heating requirements, and most systems are intended to supplement other heating sources.

A much better source of heat is sunlight. Solar power systems convert sunlight to heat for use in space heating and domestic water heating. Most solar power systems have a very high initial cost, but a very low operating cost. This low operating cost is often overlooked in the planning stages when more attention is being paid to the initial costs. In order to maximize the advantages of the low operating cost, it is important to make sure that the home is well insulated. In the case of water heating systems, all pipes must be heavily insulated.

Solar water heating systems can be either passive or active. Passive systems use natural convection to move water from the heat source to the heat exchange point. An active system uses pumps and controllers. The water is collected in a tank fitted with solar panels or heat absorbing materials where it is warmed by sunlight. The pumps move it to a heat exchanger where the heat is removed and circulated through the home. In the case of a water heater, the water can be used directly, and it is replaced by cold water from the existing water supply.

Geothermal and Solar heating systems are two examples of green construction types of alternative sources for heat and energy. The advantage is the reducing of the reliance on fossil fuel generated heat or energy. The technology for utilizing these sources of heat is still in its infancy. It is expected that the rise in green construction philosophy will encourage further experimentation in this area.

Green Construction and Heating Systems

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